Storage environment activity monitoring

ABSTRACT

A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includes identifying a storage environment, establishing a baseline associated with input and output requests within the storage environment, monitoring activity associated with the storage environment, comparing the activity to the baseline, and performing one or more actions, based on the comparing.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates to data security, and more specifically,this invention relates to detecting and responding to security threatswithin a storage environment.

Networked storage environments have a plurality of potential securitythreats, including risks of client data theft, data removal, datacontamination, etc. It is therefore important to quickly detect andcontain threats and breaches in order to minimize exposure and risk toclients.

SUMMARY

A computer-implemented method according to one embodiment includesidentifying a storage environment, establishing a baseline associatedwith input and output requests within the storage environment,monitoring activity associated with the storage environment, comparingthe activity to the baseline, and performing one or more actions, basedon the comparing.

According to another embodiment, a computer program product formonitoring activity associated with a storage environment comprises acomputer readable storage medium having program instructions embodiedtherewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not atransitory signal per se, and where the program instructions areexecutable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a methodcomprising identifying the storage environment, utilizing the processor,establishing, utilizing the processor, a baseline associated with inputand output requests within the storage environment, monitoring theactivity associated with the storage environment, utilizing theprocessor, comparing the activity to the baseline, utilizing theprocessor, and performing, utilizing the processor, one or more actions,based on the comparing.

A system according to another embodiment includes a processor and logicintegrated with the processor, executable by the processor, orintegrated with and executable by the processor, where the logic isconfigured to identify a storage environment, establish a baselineassociated with input and output requests within the storageenvironment, monitor activity associated with the storage environment,compare the activity to the baseline, and perform one or more actions,based on the comparison.

Other aspects and embodiments of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description, which, when taken inconjunction with the drawings, illustrate by way of example theprinciples of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a cloud computing node according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 depicts a cloud computing environment according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts abstraction model layers according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a method for performing storage environment activitymonitoring, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a method for performing a security analysis on astorage area network (SAN) environment, in accordance with oneembodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a tiered data storage system in accordance with oneembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description discloses several preferred embodiments ofsystems, methods and computer program products for performing storageenvironment activity monitoring. Various embodiments provide a method tocompare monitored environment activity to a calculated baseline, andperform further action when the baseline is exceeded by the activity.

The following description is made for the purpose of illustrating thegeneral principles of the present invention and is not meant to limitthe inventive concepts claimed herein. Further, particular featuresdescribed herein can be used in combination with other describedfeatures in each of the various possible combinations and permutations.

Unless otherwise specifically defined herein, all terms are to be giventheir broadest possible interpretation including meanings implied fromthe specification as well as meanings understood by those skilled in theart and/or as defined in dictionaries, treatises, etc.

It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and theappended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include pluralreferents unless otherwise specified. It will be further understood thatthe terms “includes” and/or “comprising,” when used in thisspecification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps,operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude thepresence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps,operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

The following description discloses several preferred embodiments ofsystems, methods and computer program products for performing storageenvironment activity monitoring.

In one general embodiment, a computer-implemented method includesidentifying a storage environment, establishing a baseline associatedwith input and output requests within the storage environment,monitoring activity associated with the storage environment, comparingthe activity to the baseline, and performing one or more actions, basedon the comparing.

In another general embodiment, a computer program product for monitoringactivity associated with a storage environment comprises a computerreadable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith,wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signalper se, and where the program instructions are executable by a processorto cause the processor to perform a method comprising identifying thestorage environment, utilizing the processor, establishing, utilizingthe processor, a baseline associated with input and output requestswithin the storage environment, monitoring the activity associated withthe storage environment, utilizing the processor, comparing the activityto the baseline, utilizing the processor, and performing, utilizing theprocessor, one or more actions, based on the comparing.

In another general embodiment, a system includes a processor and logicintegrated with the processor, executable by the processor, orintegrated with and executable by the processor, where the logic isconfigured to identify a storage environment, establish a baselineassociated with input and output requests within the storageenvironment, monitor activity associated with the storage environment,compare the activity to the baseline, and perform one or more actions,based on the comparison.

It is understood in advance that although this disclosure includes adetailed description on cloud computing, implementation of the teachingsrecited herein are not limited to a cloud computing environment. Rather,embodiments of the present invention are capable of being implemented inconjunction with any other type of computing environment now known orlater developed.

Cloud computing is a model of service delivery for enabling convenient,on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computingresources (e.g. networks, network bandwidth, servers, processing,memory, storage, applications, virtual machines, and services) that canbe rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort orinteraction with a provider of the service. This cloud model may includeat least five characteristics, at least three service models, and atleast four deployment models.

Characteristics are as follows:

On-demand self-service: a cloud consumer can unilaterally provisioncomputing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, asneeded automatically without requiring human interaction with theservice's provider.

Broad network access: capabilities are available over a network andaccessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneousthin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).

Resource pooling: the provider's computing resources are pooled to servemultiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physicaland virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according todemand. There is a sense of location independence in that the consumergenerally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of theprovided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher levelof abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter).

Rapid elasticity: capabilities can be rapidly and elasticallyprovisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out andrapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilitiesavailable for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can bepurchased in any quantity at any time.

Measured service: cloud systems automatically control and optimizeresource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level ofabstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage,processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can bemonitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both theprovider and consumer of the utilized service.

Service Models are as follows:

Software as a Service (SaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto use the provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure.The applications are accessible from various client devices through athin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based e-mail).The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloudinfrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage,or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exceptionof limited user-specific application configuration settings.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): the capability provided to the consumer isto deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquiredapplications created using programming languages and tools supported bythe provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure including networks, servers, operating systems, orstorage, but has control over the deployed applications and possiblyapplication hosting environment configurations.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): the capability provided to theconsumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and otherfundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy andrun arbitrary software, which can include operating systems andapplications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlyingcloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage,deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networkingcomponents (e.g., host firewalls).

Deployment Models are as follows:

Private cloud: the cloud infrastructure is operated solely for anorganization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party andmay exist on-premises or off-premises.

Community cloud: the cloud infrastructure is shared by severalorganizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns(e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and complianceconsiderations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third partyand may exist on-premises or off-premises.

Public cloud: the cloud infrastructure is made available to the generalpublic or a large industry group and is owned by an organization sellingcloud services.

Hybrid cloud: the cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or moreclouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities butare bound together by standardized or proprietary technology thatenables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting forload-balancing between clouds).

A cloud computing environment is service oriented with a focus onstatelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.At the heart of cloud computing is an infrastructure comprising anetwork of interconnected nodes.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a schematic of an example of a cloud computingnode is shown. Cloud computing node 10 is only one example of a suitablecloud computing node and is not intended to suggest any limitation as tothe scope of use or functionality of embodiments of the inventiondescribed herein. Regardless, cloud computing node 10 is capable ofbeing implemented and/or performing any of the functionality set forthhereinabove.

In cloud computing node 10 there is a computer system/server 12, whichis operational with numerous other general purpose or special purposecomputing system environments or configurations. Examples of well-knowncomputing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may besuitable for use with computer system/server 12 include, but are notlimited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thinclients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessorsystems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmableconsumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputer systems, mainframecomputer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments thatinclude any of the above systems or devices, and the like.

Computer system/server 12 may be described in the general context ofcomputer system-executable instructions, such as program modules, beingexecuted by a computer system. Generally, program modules may includeroutines, programs, objects, components, logic, data structures, and soon that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract datatypes. Computer system/server 12 may be practiced in distributed cloudcomputing environments where tasks are performed by remote processingdevices that are linked through a communications network. In adistributed cloud computing environment, program modules may be locatedin both local and remote computer system storage media including memorystorage devices.

As shown in FIG. 1, computer system/server 12 in cloud computing node 10is shown in the form of a general-purpose computing device. Thecomponents of computer system/server 12 may include, but are not limitedto, one or more processors or processing units 16, a system memory 28,and a bus 18 that couples various system components including systemmemory 28 to processor 16.

Bus 18 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures,including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, anaccelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of avariety of bus architectures. By way of example, and not limitation,such architectures include Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus,Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, VideoElectronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and PeripheralComponent Interconnects (PCI) bus.

Computer system/server 12 typically includes a variety of computersystem readable media. Such media may be any available media that isaccessible by computer system/server 12, and it includes both volatileand non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media.

System memory 28 can include computer system readable media in the formof volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 30 and/or cachememory 32. Computer system/server 12 may further include otherremovable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer system storagemedia. By way of example only, storage system 34 can be provided forreading from and writing to a non-removable, non-volatile magnetic media(not shown and typically called a “hard drive”). Although not shown, amagnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable,non-volatile magnetic disk (e.g., a “floppy disk”), and an optical diskdrive for reading from or writing to a removable, non-volatile opticaldisk such as a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM or other optical media can be provided.In such instances, each can be connected to bus 18 by one or more datamedia interfaces. As will be further depicted and described below,memory 28 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g.,at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out thefunctions of embodiments of the invention.

Program/utility 40, having a set (at least one) of program modules 42,may be stored in memory 28 by way of example, and not limitation, aswell as an operating system, one or more application programs, otherprogram modules, and program data. Each of the operating system, one ormore application programs, other program modules, and program data orsome combination thereof, may include an implementation of a networkingenvironment. Program modules 42 generally carry out the functions and/ormethodologies of embodiments of the invention as described herein.

Computer system/server 12 may also communicate with one or more externaldevices 14 such as a keyboard, a pointing device, a display 24, etc.;one or more devices that enable a user to interact with computersystem/server 12; and/or any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.)that enable computer system/server 12 to communicate with one or moreother computing devices. Such communication can occur via Input/Output(I/O) interfaces 22. Still yet, computer system/server 12 cancommunicate with one or more networks such as a local area network(LAN), a general wide area network (WAN), and/or a public network (e.g.,the Internet) via network adapter 20. As depicted, network adapter 20communicates with the other components of computer system/server 12 viabus 18. It should be understood that although not shown, other hardwareand/or software components could be used in conjunction with computersystem/server 12. Examples, include, but are not limited to: microcode,device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays,RAID systems, tape drives, and data archival storage systems, etc.

Referring now to FIG. 2, illustrative cloud computing environment 50 isdepicted. As shown, cloud computing environment 50 includes one or morecloud computing nodes 10 with which local computing devices used bycloud consumers, such as, for example, personal digital assistant (PDA)or cellular telephone 54A, desktop computer 54B, laptop computer 54C,and/or automobile computer system 54N may communicate. Nodes 10 maycommunicate with one another. They may be grouped (not shown) physicallyor virtually, in one or more networks, such as Private, Community,Public, or Hybrid clouds as described hereinabove, or a combinationthereof. This allows cloud computing environment 50 to offerinfrastructure, platforms and/or software as services for which a cloudconsumer does not need to maintain resources on a local computingdevice. It is understood that the types of computing devices 54A-N shownin FIG. 2 are intended to be illustrative only and that computing nodes10 and cloud computing environment 50 can communicate with any type ofcomputerized device over any type of network and/or network addressableconnection (e.g., using a web browser).

Referring now to FIG. 3, a set of functional abstraction layers providedby cloud computing environment 50 (FIG. 2) is shown. It should beunderstood in advance that the components, layers, and functions shownin FIG. 3 are intended to be illustrative only and embodiments of theinvention are not limited thereto. As depicted, the following layers andcorresponding functions are provided:

Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and softwarecomponents. Examples of hardware components include: mainframes 61; RISC(Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers 62;servers 63; blade servers 64; storage devices 65; and networks andnetworking components 66. In some embodiments, software componentsinclude network application server software 67 and database software 68.

Virtualization layer 70 provides an abstraction layer from which thefollowing examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers71; virtual storage 72; virtual networks 73, including virtual privatenetworks; virtual applications and operating systems 74; and virtualclients 75.

In one example, management layer 80 may provide the functions describedbelow. Resource provisioning 81 provides dynamic procurement ofcomputing resources and other resources that are utilized to performtasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing 82provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloudcomputing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of theseresources. In one example, these resources may include applicationsoftware licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloudconsumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources.User portal 83 provides access to the cloud computing environment forconsumers and system administrators. Service level management 84provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such thatrequired service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planningand fulfillment 85 provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of,cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipatedin accordance with an SLA.

Workloads layer 90 provides examples of functionality for which thecloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads andfunctions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping andnavigation 91; software development and lifecycle management 92; virtualclassroom education delivery 93; data analytics processing 94;transaction processing 95; and data storage 96.

Now referring to FIG. 4, a flowchart of a method 400 is shown accordingto one embodiment. The method 400 may be performed in accordance withthe present invention in any of the environments depicted in FIGS. 1-3and 5-6, among others, in various embodiments. Of course, more or lessoperations than those specifically described in FIG. 4 may be includedin method 400, as would be understood by one of skill in the art uponreading the present descriptions.

Each of the steps of the method 400 may be performed by any suitablecomponent of the operating environment. For example, in variousembodiments, the method 400 may be partially or entirely performed byone or more servers, computers, or some other device having one or moreprocessors therein. The processor, e.g., processing circuit(s), chip(s),and/or module(s) implemented in hardware and/or software, and preferablyhaving at least one hardware component may be utilized in any device toperform one or more steps of the method 400. Illustrative processorsinclude, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmablegate array (FPGA), etc., combinations thereof, or any other suitablecomputing device known in the art.

As shown in FIG. 4, method 400 may initiate with operation 402, where astorage environment is identified. In one embodiment, the storageenvironment may include one or more storage devices. For example, thestorage environment may include one or more of networked storagedevices, a storage area network (SAN), a block storage environment, acloud storage environment, a hybrid cloud storage environment, etc. Inanother embodiment, the storage environment may include an embeddedstorage component. For example, the storage environment may includeflash storage embedded in one or more servers, one or more networkswitches, etc. In another embodiment, the storage environment may beidentified by a component of the environment, a device outside of theenvironment (e.g., a server device, a switch, etc.), etc.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4, method 400 may proceed with operation404, where a baseline associated with input and output requests withinthe storage environment is established. In one embodiment, the baselinemay indicate an expected input/output (I/O) read and write pattern tothe environment, an expected I/O read and write pattern within theenvironment, etc. In another embodiment, the baseline may indicate oneor more of an amount of read and write requests received by theenvironment, an amount of read and write requests executed within theenvironment, a ratio or percentage of reads to writes made to thestorage environment, etc.

Further, in one embodiment, the baseline may have one or more associatedtemporal constraints. For example, the baseline may be linked to apredetermined time of day, day of the week, period of the year, etc. Inanother example, the baseline be linked to one or more holidays in oneor more predetermined geographical areas (e.g., for North America, theday after Thanksgiving, Cyber Monday, black Friday week, etc.). Inanother embodiment, the baseline may be associated with one or more timeand/or date based special rates.

Further still, in one embodiment, the baseline may be obtained byperforming active listening to and/or monitoring of the storageenvironment. For example, listening software may be deployed within thestorage environment to monitor input and output for the storageenvironment for a predetermined period of time (e.g., one or more hours,days, months, years, etc.). In another embodiment, the monitoring mayinclude identifying and logging reads and writes received by the storageenvironment, executed within the storage environment, etc.

Also, in one embodiment, the baseline may reflect analytics of averageread and write data exchange 110 patterns for a given time period forthe storage environment. For example, the baseline may be based onmonitored averages for the storage environment during differenttimes/dates. In another example, the baseline may be verified by one ormore users (e.g., one or more administrators of a system, etc.). Inanother embodiment, the baseline may be established by a component ofthe storage environment, a device outside of the environment (e.g., aserver device, a switch, etc.), etc. In yet another embodiment, thebaseline may be created and input by one or more users (e.g., anadministrator using a graphical user interface (GUI) of a system, etc.).

In addition, in one embodiment, the baseline may be established based onone or more criteria. For example, the baseline may indicate one or morepredetermined volumes (e.g., a predetermined volume of reads to thestorage environment, a predetermined volume of writes to the storageenvironment, etc.). In another example, the baseline may indicatepredetermined percentages of reads and writes to the storage environment(e.g., 80% reads, 20% writes, etc.).

In another embodiment, establishing the baseline may include determiningone or more identifiers associated with the input and output requestswithin the storage environment. For example, one or more of a storageID, a source ID, a destination ID, and a fibre channel ID (FCID) may bedetermined for one or more of the input and output requests within thestorage environment during the monitoring of the input and output forthe storage environment. In yet another embodiment, the determined oneor more identifiers may be logged and/or incorporated into the baseline.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 4, method 400 may proceed with operation406, where activity associated with the storage environment ismonitored. In one embodiment, the activity may include current input andoutput (I/O) patterns for the storage environment. For example, themonitored activity may include a current volume of reads and writes tothe storage environment, a current percentage of reads and writes to thestorage environment, a time and date associated with reads and writes,any holidays associated with the time and date, etc. In anotherembodiment, the activity may be monitored for a predetermined period oftime (e.g., a current hour, day, week, month, year, etc.). In yetanother embodiment, one or more identifiers associated with the activitymay be determined during the monitoring. For example, one or more of astorage ID, a source ID, a destination ID, and a fibre channel ID (FCID)associated with the activity may be determined during the monitoring.

Further still, in one embodiment, the activity may be monitoredutilizing an active monitoring mode of one or more components (e.g., oneor more components of the storage environment, one or more componentsoutside of the storage environment, etc.). In another embodiment, thebaseline associated with input and output requests within the storageenvironment may be updated, based on the monitoring. In this way, thebaseline may be continuously updated.

Also, as shown in FIG. 4, method 400 may proceed with operation 408,where the activity is compared to the baseline. In one embodiment,comparing the activity to the baseline may include determining whetherthe activity represents an anomaly for the storage environment. Forexample, comparing the activity to the baseline may include determiningwhether the activity falls above or below the baseline by at least apredetermined amount. In another embodiment, the time and date of theactivity may be considered during the comparing. For example, the timeand date of the activity may be identified, a portion of the baselinehaving a similar time and date may be identified, and the activity maybe compared to the portion of the baseline. In yet another embodiment,comparing the activity to the baseline may include comparing one or moreidentifiers associated with the activity that are determined during themonitoring to one or more identifiers incorporated into the baseline.

Additionally, as shown in FIG. 4, method 400 may proceed with operation410, where one or more actions are performed, based on the comparing. Inone embodiment, performing the one or more actions may include flaggingthe activity if the activity deviates from the baseline by more than apredetermined amount. For example, the activity may be flagged as ananomaly if the activity deviates from the baseline by more than apredetermined amount. For instance, the activity may include adownloading of an abnormally large volume of data from one or morestorage devices of the storage environment, an uploading of a largevolume of write data in an abnormal pattern or to an abnormal locationwithin the storage environment, etc.

Further, in one embodiment, performing the one or more actions mayinclude examining the activity if the activity is flagged as an anomaly.For example, examining the activity may include comparing the activityto one or more predetermined security threat criteria. For instance, thesecurity threat criteria may include user-submitted criteria indicativeof a security threat, criteria indicative of a threat that was developedbased on previous monitoring of the storage environment (e.g., beforethe current activity is monitored), etc.

Further still, in one embodiment, one or more security actions may beperformed when the activity flagged as the anomaly is determined to be asecurity threat as a result of the examining. For example, the one ormore security actions may include determining one or more identifiersfor the activity (e.g., a storage ID, a source ID, a destination ID,etc.). In another example, the one or more security actions may includenotifying one or more parties (e.g., one or more users, administrators,owners, etc.) that a security threat is identified for the storageenvironment.

In yet another example, the one or more security actions may includedetermining and blocking one or more identifiers associated with theactivity (e.g., one or more FCIDs (fibre channel IDs), one or moresource/destination IDs, one or more IP addresses, one or more mediaaccess control (MAC) addresses, etc.). In still another example, one ormore security actions may include blocking one or more storage or switchports within the storage environment that are associated with theactivity, fencing one or more predetermined storage devices within thestorage environment, disabling one or more storage devices within thestorage environment, etc.

Also, in one embodiment, one or more of the security actions may beperformed automatically in response to the activity being flagged as ananomaly. In another embodiment, the baseline may be used toautomatically anticipate and react to expected deviations that occurwithin the storage environment in the future according to the baseline.For example, additional storage within the storage environment and/oradditional paths within the environment may be provided to prepare forincreased I/O activity within the storage environment during apredetermined period of time. In another example, incentives such aspreferred pricing to move from one service tier to another may beprovided to one or more users if a comparison of the activity to thebaseline indicates that a tier threshold associated with the one or moreusers may be exceeded due to current data usage.

In this way, activity statistics may be constantly monitored andcompared against predetermined baselines in order to identify activitythat could potentially pose a risk to the storage environment.

Now referring to FIG. 5, a flowchart of a method 500 for performing asecurity analysis on a storage area network (SAN) environment is shownaccording to one embodiment. The method 500 may be performed inaccordance with the present invention in any of the environmentsdepicted in FIGS. 1-4 and 6, among others, in various embodiments. Ofcourse, more or less operations than those specifically described inFIG. 5 may be included in method 500, as would be understood by one ofskill in the art upon reading the present descriptions.

Each of the steps of the method 500 may be performed by any suitablecomponent of the operating environment. For example, in variousembodiments, the method 500 may be partially or entirely performed byone or more servers, computers, or some other device having one or moreprocessors therein. The processor, e.g., processing circuit(s), chip(s),and/or module(s) implemented in hardware and/or software, and preferablyhaving at least one hardware component may be utilized in any device toperform one or more steps of the method 500. Illustrative processorsinclude, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmablegate array (FPGA), etc., combinations thereof, or any other suitablecomputing device known in the art.

As shown in FIG. 5, method 500 may initiate with operation 502, where abaseline of software defined storage (SDS) read/write I/O norms areestablished and updated on a regular basis. In one embodiment, thebaseline may be established by an SDS monitor or other softwarecomponent. In another embodiment, the baseline may be established by oneor more switches within the SDS environment, one or more flow controlmodules within the SDS environment, etc.

Additionally, method 500 may proceed with operation 504, where an SDScontroller monitors read/write I/O data patterns and statistics acrossstorage subsystem environments. Further, method 500 may proceed withoperation 506, where the SDS controller compares the monitoredread/write I/O data patterns and statistics to the baseline. In oneembodiment, the comparing may be performed on a recurring basis (e.g.,once a predetermined amount of time (e.g., a minute, etc.) has passed,etc.). In another embodiment, the comparing may account for one or moredefined variance variables, such as a holiday, a predetermined timeperiod, etc.

Further still, method 500 may proceed with operation 508, where when ananomaly is detected as a result of the comparison, a flag associatedwith the monitored read/write I/O data patterns and statistics is set toindicate an I/O anomaly, and a pattern indicated by the monitoredread/write I/O data patterns and statistics is passed to a securityanalytics engine or service. In one embodiment, the event may be loggedand an SDS administrator may be notified when the anomaly is detected.

In another embodiment, the anomaly may be detected when it is determinedthat the monitored read/write I/O data patterns and statistics deviatefrom the baseline by more than a predetermined amount. In yet anotherembodiment, when an anomaly is not detected as a result of thecomparison, the SDS controller may continue to monitor read/write I/Odata patterns and statistics and compare the read/write I/O datapatterns and statistics to the baseline.

Also, method 500 may proceed with operation 510, where the securityanalytics engine or service analyzes the pattern against predeterminedsecurity threat criteria to determine a likelihood of a threat to theSDS environment. For example, the security analytics engine or servicemay analyze the pattern to determine whether the pattern indicates anon-malicious bump in activity (e.g., based on increased sales, etc.) orwhether the pattern indicates malicious intent/a threat to the SDSenvironment.

In addition, method 500 may proceed with operation 512, where when it isdetermined by the security analytics engine or service that thelikelihood of a threat to the SDS environment is greater than apredetermined threshold, the SDS controller is notified that a threatwas detected, and the SDS controller is provided with a list ofrecommended actions. In one embodiment, the recommended actions mayinclude logging the event and optionally notifying an SDS administrator.In another embodiment, the recommended actions may include blocking oneor more certain fibre channel IDs (FCIDs) associated with the threat,blocking one or more source/destination IDs associated with the threat,blocking one or more IP addresses associated with the threat, blockingone or more MAC addresses associated with the threat, shutting certainstorage or switch ports associated with the threat, fencing particularstorage devices associated with the threat, etc.

In another embodiment, when it is determined by the security analyticsengine or service that the likelihood of a threat to the SDS environmentis less than the predetermined threshold, the SDS controller maycontinue to monitor read/write I/O data patterns and statistics andcompare the read/write I/O data patterns and statistics to the baseline.

Furthermore, method 500 may proceed with operation 514, where the SDScontroller reviews the recommended actions and selects the mostappropriate action for the SDS environment. In one embodiment, the SDScontroller may then implement the most appropriate action. In yetanother embodiment, once the action is taken, the SDS controller maycompare updated read/write I/O data patterns and statistics to thebaseline, and may determine whether the updated read/write I/O datapatterns and statistics deviate from the baseline by more than apredetermined amount.

If no deviation is detected (e.g., the monitored read/write I/O datapatterns and statistics did return to the expected baseline), the SDScontroller may continue to monitor current read/write I/O data patternsand statistics and compare the read/write I/O data patterns andstatistics to the baseline. If a deviation is detected (e.g., themonitored read/write I/O data patterns and statistics did not return tothe expected baseline), a flag associated with the monitored read/writeI/O data patterns and statistics is set to indicate a repeat I/Oanomaly, and the pattern indicated by the monitored read/write I/O datapatterns and statistics is passed to the security analytics engine orservice.

In this way, read/write I/O trend baselines may be defined andcontinually updated for a storage environment, and I/O statisticsassociated with the storage environment may be continually measuredagainst those baselines. As anomalies are detected, risk/securityanalytics may be used to determine a likelihood that deviations from thebaselines should be treated as a security threat. If an anomaly iscategorized as a threat, proactive measures may be taken to minimizeexposure and protect data.

Now referring to FIG. 6, a storage system 600 is shown according to oneembodiment. Note that some of the elements shown in FIG. 6 may beimplemented as hardware and/or software, and in combination with any ofthe features described herein, according to various embodiments. Thestorage system 600 may include a storage system manager 612 forcommunicating with a plurality of media on at least one higher storagetier 602 and at least one lower storage tier 606. The higher storagetier(s) 602 preferably may include one or more random access and/ordirect access media 604, such as hard disks in hard disk drives (HDDs),nonvolatile memory (NVM), solid state memory in solid state drives(SSDs), flash memory, SSD arrays, flash memory arrays, etc., and/orothers noted herein or known in the art. The lower storage tier(s) 606may preferably include one or more lower performing storage media 608,including sequential access media such as magnetic tape in tape drivesand/or optical media, slower accessing HDDs, slower accessing SSDs,etc., and/or others noted herein or known in the art. One or moreadditional storage tiers 616 may include any combination of storagememory media as desired by a designer of the system 600. Also, any ofthe higher storage tiers 602 and/or the lower storage tiers 606 mayinclude some combination of storage devices and/or storage media.

The storage system manager 612 may communicate with the storage media604, 608 on the higher storage tier(s) 602 and lower storage tier(s) 606through a network 610, such as a storage area network (SAN), as shown inFIG. 6, or some other suitable network type. The storage system manager612 may also communicate with one or more host systems (not shown)through a host interface 614, which may or may not be a part of thestorage system manager 612. The storage system manager 612 and/or anyother component of the storage system 600 may be implemented in hardwareand/or software, and may make use of a processor (not shown) forexecuting commands of a type known in the art, such as a centralprocessing unit (CPU), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC), etc. Of course, anyarrangement of a storage system may be used, as will be apparent tothose of skill in the art upon reading the present description.

In more embodiments, the storage system 600 may include any number ofdata storage tiers, and may include the same or different storage memorymedia within each storage tier. For example, each data storage tier mayinclude the same type of storage memory media, such as HDDs, SSDs,sequential access media (tape in tape drives, optical disk in opticaldisk drives, etc.), direct access media (CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, etc.), or anycombination of media storage types. In one such configuration, a higherstorage tier 602, may include a majority of SSD storage media forstoring data in a higher performing storage environment, and remainingstorage tiers, including lower storage tier 606 and additional storagetiers 616 may include any combination of SSDs, HDDs, tape drives, etc.,for storing data in a lower performing storage environment. In this way,more frequently accessed data, data having a higher priority, dataneeding to be accessed more quickly, etc., may be stored to the higherstorage tier 602, while data not having one of these attributes may bestored to the additional storage tiers 616, including lower storage tier606. Of course, one of skill in the art, upon reading the presentdescriptions, may devise many other combinations of storage media typesto implement into different storage schemes, according to theembodiments presented herein.

According to some embodiments, the storage system (such as 600) mayinclude logic configured to receive a request to open a data set, logicconfigured to determine if the requested data set is stored to a lowerstorage tier 606 of a tiered data storage system 600 in multipleassociated portions, logic configured to move each associated portion ofthe requested data set to a higher storage tier 602 of the tiered datastorage system 600, and logic configured to assemble the requested dataset on the higher storage tier 602 of the tiered data storage system 600from the associated portions.

Of course, this logic may be implemented as a method on any deviceand/or system or as a computer program product, according to variousembodiments.

The present invention may be a system, a method, and/or a computerprogram product. The computer program product may include a computerreadable storage medium (or media) having computer readable programinstructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of thepresent invention.

The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that canretain and store instructions for use by an instruction executiondevice. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but isnot limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device,an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, asemiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of theforegoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of thecomputer readable storage medium includes the following: a portablecomputer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), aread-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMor Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portablecompact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD),a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such aspunch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructionsrecorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Acomputer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construedas being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freelypropagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagatingthrough a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulsespassing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmittedthrough a wire.

Computer readable program instructions described herein can bedownloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computerreadable storage medium or to an external computer or external storagedevice via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, awide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprisecopper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wirelesstransmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/oredge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in eachcomputing/processing device receives computer readable programinstructions from the network and forwards the computer readable programinstructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium withinthe respective computing/processing device.

Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations ofthe present invention may be assembler instructions,instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions,machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions,state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in anycombination of one or more programming languages, including an objectoriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, andconventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C”programming language or similar programming languages. The computerreadable program instructions may execute entirely on the user'scomputer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone softwarepackage, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computeror entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario,the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through anytype of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide areanetwork (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer(for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider).In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example,programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), orprogrammable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readableprogram instructions by utilizing state information of the computerreadable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry,in order to perform aspects of the present invention.

Aspects of the present invention are described herein with reference toflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus(systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of theinvention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchartillustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in theflowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented bycomputer readable program instructions.

These computer readable program instructions may be provided to aprocessor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, orother programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, suchthat the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computeror other programmable data processing apparatus, create means forimplementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or blockdiagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructionsmay also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can directa computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or otherdevices to function in a particular manner, such that the computerreadable storage medium having instructions stored therein includes anarticle of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects ofthe function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram blockor blocks.

The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto acomputer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other deviceto cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer,other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computerimplemented process, such that the instructions which execute on thecomputer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement thefunctions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block orblocks.

The flowchart and block diagrams in the Figures illustrate thearchitecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementationsof systems, methods, and computer program products according to variousembodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in theflowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portionof instructions, which includes one or more executable instructions forimplementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternativeimplementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of theorder noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in successionmay, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks maysometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon thefunctionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of theblock diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocksin the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implementedby special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specifiedfunctions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardwareand computer instructions.

Moreover, a system according to various embodiments may include aprocessor and logic integrated with and/or executable by the processor,the logic being configured to perform one or more of the process stepsrecited herein. By integrated with, what is meant is that the processorhas logic embedded therewith as hardware logic, such as an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), a FPGA, etc. By executable by theprocessor, what is meant is that the logic is hardware logic; softwarelogic such as firmware, part of an operating system, part of anapplication program; etc., or some combination of hardware and softwarelogic that is accessible by the processor and configured to cause theprocessor to perform some functionality upon execution by the processor.Software logic may be stored on local and/or remote memory of any memorytype, as known in the art. Any processor known in the art may be used,such as a software processor module and/or a hardware processor such asan ASIC, a FPGA, a central processing unit (CPU), an integrated circuit(IC), a graphics processing unit (GPU), etc.

It will be clear that the various features of the foregoing systemsand/or methodologies may be combined in any way, creating a plurality ofcombinations from the descriptions presented above.

It will be further appreciated that embodiments of the present inventionmay be provided in the form of a service deployed on behalf of acustomer to offer service on demand.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should beunderstood that they have been presented by way of example only, and notlimitation. Thus, the breadth and scope of a preferred embodiment shouldnot be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, butshould be defined only in accordance with the following claims and theirequivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:identifying a storage environment; establishing a baseline associatedwith input and output requests within the storage environment;monitoring activity associated with the storage environment; comparingthe activity to the baseline; and performing one or more actions, basedon the comparing.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, whereinthe baseline indicates an expected input/output (I/O) pattern to thestorage environment.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein the baseline has one or more associated temporal constraints. 4.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the baseline isobtained by performing active monitoring of the storage environment. 5.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the baselineindicates predetermined percentages of reads and writes to the storageenvironment.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein theactivity includes current input and output (I/O) patterns for thestorage environment.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein comparing the activity to the baseline includes determiningwhether the activity falls above or below the baseline by at least apredetermined amount.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,wherein performing the one or more actions includes flagging theactivity as an anomaly if the activity deviates from the baseline bymore than a predetermined amount.
 9. The computer-implemented method ofclaim 8, wherein performing the one or more actions may includecomparing the activity to one or more predetermined security threatcriteria when the activity is flagged as the anomaly.
 10. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein one or more securityactions are performed when the activity flagged as the anomaly isdetermined to be a security threat as a result of the comparing of theactivity to the one or more predetermined security threat criteria. 11.A computer program product for monitoring activity associated with astorage environment, the computer program product comprising a computerreadable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith,wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signalper se, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause theprocessor to perform a method comprising: identifying the storageenvironment, utilizing the processor; establishing, utilizing theprocessor, a baseline associated with input and output requests withinthe storage environment; monitoring the activity associated with thestorage environment, utilizing the processor; comparing the activity tothe baseline, utilizing the processor; and performing, utilizing theprocessor, one or more actions, based on the comparing.
 12. The computerprogram product of claim 11, wherein the baseline indicates an expectedinput/output (I/O) pattern to the storage environment.
 13. The computerprogram product of claim 11, wherein the baseline has one or moreassociated temporal constraints.
 14. The computer program product ofclaim 11, wherein the baseline is obtained by performing activemonitoring of the storage environment.
 15. The computer program productof claim 11, wherein the baseline indicates predetermined percentages ofreads and writes to the storage environment.
 16. The computer programproduct of claim 11, wherein the activity includes current input andoutput (I/O) patterns for the storage environment.
 17. The computerprogram product of claim 11, wherein comparing the activity to thebaseline includes determining whether the activity falls above or belowthe baseline by at least a predetermined amount.
 18. The computerprogram product of claim 11, wherein performing the one or more actionsincludes flagging the activity as an anomaly if the activity deviatesfrom the baseline by more than a predetermined amount.
 19. The computerprogram product of claim 18, wherein performing the one or more actionsmay include comparing the activity to one or more predetermined securitythreat criteria when the activity is flagged as the anomaly.
 20. Asystem, comprising: a processor; and logic integrated with theprocessor, executable by the processor, or integrated with andexecutable by the processor, the logic being configured to: identify astorage environment; establish a baseline associated with input andoutput requests within the storage environment; monitor activityassociated with the storage environment; compare the activity to thebaseline; and perform one or more actions, based on the comparison.